Decision to Intervene: How the War in Bosnia Ended The Bosnian Serb objective was clear: to conclude the war before the onset of the next winter. The strategy was simple, even if its execution was brazen. First, ...
Bosnia and Herzegovina Country Profile Bosnia and Herzegovina is bordered by Croatia, Serbia, and Montenegro, and has a narrow stretch of land along the Adriatic Sea.
Bosnia and Herzegovina - The World FactbookPhotos of Bosnia and HerzegovinaIntroductionBackgroundBosnia and Herzegovina declared sovereignty in October 1991 and independence from the former Yugoslavia on 3 March 1992 after a referendum boycotted by ethnic Serbs. The Bosnian Serbs - supported by neighboring Serbia and Montenegro - responded with armed resistance aimed at partitioning the republic along ethnic lines and joining Serb-held areas to form a "Greater Serbia. " In March 1994, Bosniaks and Croats reduced the number of warring factions from three to two by signing an agreement creating a joint Bosniak-Croat Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. On 21 November 1995, in Dayton, Ohio, the warring parties initialed a peace agreement that ended three years of interethnic civil strife (the final agreement was signed in Paris on 14 December 1995).
Bosnia and Herzegovina Membership status. Candidate country. Background. Bosnia and Herzegovina - along with other Western Balkans countries – was identified as a potential ...
)$14, 400 (2020 est. )$14, 600 (2019 est. )note: data are in 2017 dollarscomparison ranking: 103Credit ratingsMoody's rating: B3 (2012)Standard & Poors rating: B (2011)note: The year refers to the year in which the current credit rating was first obtained. GDP - composition, by end usehousehold consumption: 77. 4% (2017 est. )government consumption: 20% (2017 est. )investment in fixed capital: 16. 6% (2017 est.
Bosnia and Herzegovina - United States Department of State
)investment in inventories: 2. 3% (2017 est. )exports of goods and services: 38. 7% (2017 est. )imports of goods and services: -55. 1% (2017 est. )Agricultural productsmaize, milk, vegetables, potatoes, wheat, plums/sloes, apples, barley, cabbages, poultryIndustriessteel, coal, iron ore, lead, zinc, manganese, bauxite, aluminum, motor vehicle assembly, textiles, tobacco products, wooden furniture, ammunition, domestic appliances, oil refiningUnemployment rate15. 22% (2021 est. )15. 27% (2020 est. 69% (2019 est. )note: official rate; actual rate is lower as many technically unemployed persons work in the gray economycomparison ranking: 35Budgetrevenues: $8. 434 billion (2019 est.
)beer: 4. 19 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. )wine: 0. 47 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. )spirits: 0. 62 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. )other alcohols: 0. 17 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. )comparison ranking: total 81Tobacco usetotal: 35% (2020 est. )male: 42% (2020 est. )female: 28% (2020 est.
2%, SNSD 16. 3%, HDZ BiH 8. 8%, SDP 8. 2%, SDS 7. 1%, DF-GS 6. 4%, NiP 5%, PDP 4. 6%, NS/HC 3. 1%, NES 3%, For Justice and Order 2. 1%, DEMOS 1. 9%, US 1. 6%, BHI KF 1. 3%, other 13. 4%; seats by party/coalition - SDA 9, SNSD 6, SDP 5, HDZ BiH 4, DF-GS 3, NiP 3, SDS 2, PDP 2, NS/HC 2, NES 2, For Justice and Order 1, DEMOS 1, US 1, BHI KF 1; composition - men 31, women 11, percent of women 26. 2%; note - total Parliamentary Assembly percent of women 24. 6%Judicial branchhighest court(s): Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) Constitutional Court (consists of 9 members); Court of BiH (consists of 44 national judges and 7 international judges organized into 3 divisions - Administrative, Appellate, and Criminal, which includes a War Crimes Chamber)judge selection and term of office: BiH Constitutional Court judges - 4 selected by the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina House of Representatives, 2 selected by the Republika Srpska's National Assembly, and 3 non-Bosnian judges selected by the president of the European Court of Human Rights; Court of BiH president and national judges appointed by the High Judicial and Prosecutorial Council; Court of BiH president appointed for renewable 6-year term; other national judges appointed to serve until age 70; international judges recommended by the president of the Court of BiH and appointed by the High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina; international judges appointed to serve until age 70subordinate courts: the Federation has 10 cantonal courts plus a number of municipal courts; the Republika Srpska has a supreme court, 5 district courts, and a number of municipal courtsPolitical parties and leadersAlliance of Independent Social Democrats or SNSD [Milorad DODIK]Bosnian-Herzegovinian Initiative or BHI KF [Fuad KASUMOVIC]Civic Alliance or GS [Reuf BAJROVIC]Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina or HDZ-BiH [Dragan COVIC]Democratic Front or DF [Zeljko KOMSIC]Democratic Union or DEMOS [Nedeljko CUBRILOVIC]For Justice and Order [Nebojsa VUKANOVIC]Our Party or NS/HC [Edin FORTO]Party for Democratic Action or SDA [Bakir IZETBEGOVIC]Party of Democratic Progress or PDP [Branislav BORENOVIC]People and Justice Party or NiP [Elmedin KONAKOVIC]People's European Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina or NES [Nermin OGRESEVIC]Serb Democratic Party or SDS [Milan MILICEVIC]Social Democratic Party or SDP [Nermin NIKSIC]United Srpska or US [Nenad STEVANDIC]International organization participationBIS, CD, CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSMA, MONUSCO, NAM (observer), OAS (observer), OIC (observer), OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PFP, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)note: Bosnia-Herzegovina is an EU candidate country whose satisfactory completion of accession criteria is required before being granted full EU membershipDiplomatic representation from the USchief of mission: Ambassador Michael J.
Bosnia and Herzegovina | Facts, Geography, History, & 3 days ago — Bosnia and Herzegovina is a country in the western Balkan Peninsula of Europe. Bosnia, the larger region, occupies the country's northern ...
1%, Serb 30. 8%, Croat 15. 4%, other 2. 7%, not declared/no answer 1% (2013 est. )note: Republika Srpska authorities dispute the methodology and refuse to recognize the results; Bosniak has replaced Muslim as an ethnic term in part to avoid confusion with the religious term Muslim - an adherent of IslamLanguagesBosnian (official) 52. 9%, Serbian (official) 30. 8%, Croatian (official) 14. 6%, other 1. 6%, no answer 0.
726 billion (2021 est. ) note: data are in current year dollars$9. 726 billion (2020 est. ) note: data are in current year dollars$11. 156 billion (2019 est. ) note: data are in current year dollarscomparison ranking: 103Imports - partnersCroatia 15%, Serbia 13%, Germany 10%, Italy 9%, Slovenia 7%, China 6% (2019)Debt - external$10. 87 billion (31 December 2017 est. )$10. 64 billion (31 December 2016 est. )comparison ranking: 112Exchange rateskonvertibilna markas (BAM) per US dollar -Exchange rates:1. 654 (2021 est. )1. 717 (2020 est. 747 (2019 est. 657 (2018 est.
Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina's (BiH) turbulent post-socialist transition has been fundamentally shaped by the relationship between religious communities and ...
